Fourteen letters were exchanged between the pharaohs and two successive Kassite kings, Kadaman-Enlil I (1369-55 BCE) and Burnaburia II (1354-28 BCE). 32, no. Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. There is a striking parallel in the #287 and #290 Amarna letters referring to Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Hittites, Kassites and Mitanni Children's Middle Eastern History Books, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. 263 f. with lit.). Remnants of two Kassite glass beakers were found during the 1964 excavation in a (c. 800 BC) destruction layer of Hasanlu, in northwest Iran. Balkan (1986, pp. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. Not long after the Elamites pillaged Ur and founded an Elamite kingdom inside Shnunna. ), in O. Lipschits and J. Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Winona Lake, 2003, pp. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. It is important to know that many of the cities of Canaan that were mentioned in the Bible have now undergone excavations. 73, No. 271-81. Schneider, Thomas (2003). Why Did The Samaritan Woman At The Well Have So Many Marriages? Museum, British. The Kassites unified Mesopotamia into one culture centred around Babylon The HURRIANS c. 905-886 BC Also known as Hanigalbat, the Hurrians were Indo-Iranian warrior people who filled the vacuum left in central and northern Mesopotamia after the segregation and fall of their city kingdoms. License. This God held this position for many years after Kassite rule hand ended. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. 3, 1982, pp. In letter #108, Rib-Hadda gives praises to Baal and also Samas in the sky. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 2005. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Amarna letters show marriage contracts between Egypt's 18th dynasty and the Kassites. They even burn their sons and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods. These are caretakers of the people and the closest they have to political leaders. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. About 200 additional lexical elements can be gained by the analysis of the more numerous anthroponyms, toponyms, theonyms, and horse names used by the Kassites (see Balkan, 1954, passim; Jaritz, 1957 is to be used with caution). Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi atttacks Babylonia and takes the throne in 1224. They are well represented among the great landowners. Who are the Ethiopian people in the Bible? Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. 470 f.; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? This discovery was made by the same archaeologist (Ludwig Borchardt) that discovered the Nefertiti bust and helped excavate the Amarna region. The first Jewish king, King Saul, defeated the Ammonites and made them his servants. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. There is a radical change of the administrative terminology. The 9th year name of king Samsu-iluna (17491712 BC) of Babylon, the son of Hammurabi mentions them ie. Idem, rev. "The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity". After the destruction of the Mittani by the Hittites in the early 14th century BC Assyria rose in power creating a three way power structure in the region between the Kassites, Hittites, and Assyrians with Elam exerting influence from the east and Egypt from the south. 2 (1957), pp. Why are Genesis 10 and 11 "significant" chapters? Volume 1 Kardunia. Kar-Duniash was the name given to ancient Babylon during the reign of the Kassite kings. Updates? In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. kassites in the bible. 231-246, Brinkman, J. Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia. Christians have historically spoken of the Bible as being divided into the "Old" and the "New" testaments. Ghent, 1998. 287-90. Bill T. Arnold. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. 437-478, Malko, Helen. 221-223, Marcus, Michelle I. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. They introduced war chariots, The Kassites were defeated by the Elamites in 1157 B.C. Several Kassite tribes and clans bore Akkadian and atypical names (Sassmannshausen, 2001, pp. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. At least three toponyms in Mannea, another three in Gizilbunda, and one in eastern Media are explicable in Kassite terms. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. The world of the Bible is knowable. ; Nashef, 1982, pp. Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. 11, no. [12] Several tablets dated to the reign of Agum III were found at the Dilmun site of Qal'at al-Bahrain. Over the centuries, however, the Kassites were absorbed into the Babylonian population. Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. J. Boese, Burnaburia II, Meliipak und die mittelbabylonische Chronologie, Ugarit Forschungen 14, 1982, pp. The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, were repulsed by Hammurabis son, but secured holdings within the Tigris-Euphrates valley on the northern frontiers of Babylonia and later established the second Babylonian dynasty. Ashkelon has been overcome; Babylonia was divided into two kingdoms, that of the Kassites in the north and the Sealand in the south, including Uruk, Ur, and Larsa. A. 1360 to 1220 BCE. 247 ff., 258 f.). Moses birth was 80 years before the Exodus in 1392bce or 2528 from Adam. [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. The Kassite kings appear to have been members of a small military aristocracy but were apparently efficient rulers and not locally unpopular. 58, no. kassites in the bible. The king at the time of Joshuas invasion was Adoni-zedek (Joshua 10:1-3), which would have had to come after Abdi-Heba since Joshua overtook southern and northern Palestine (Joshua 10-11). The Early Kassite Period". Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243 - 1207 B.C.) The demise of the Kassite dynasty was caused mainly by external factors. (Kassites). 93, no. The correspondence is mainly concerned with diplomatic marriages. The specific purpose and intent of this entry is to present research on biblical synchronisms; references to the same or supposedly same historical events from multiple cultures. C. Edens, On the Complexity of Complex Societies: Structure, Power, and Legitimation in Kassite Babylonia, in G. Stein and M. S. Rothman eds., Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity, Monographs in World Archaeology 18, Madison, Wis, 1994, pp. 17793, Roaf, Michael. Your email address will not be published. The only named ruler of Bt-Hamban bore the Kassite anthroponym (originally title) Ianz. 209-23. More could be said about archaeology and the conquest of Canaan but for the sake of this post I will not include everything. 45-92, Pinches, T. G. The Question of the Kassite Language. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1907, pp. Volume 1 Kardunia. 1-14. Administration and Society in Kassite Babylonia. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. Christ was at once a Koresh, a Hebrew, and a Yehudi. In the time of Old Babylonia they were hired mercenaries for the state and also formed bands of outlaw rebels against the state. Ancient Orient Museum, Duck-shaped weight mentioning the name of the priest Mashallim-Marduk, Kassite, from Babylon. 15-26. 2. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). Babylonian wealth and influence at this time is reflected in the use of the cuneiform script and the Babylonian language as the main form of diplomatic communication. Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. Kings with Kassite names appeared on the middle Euphrates during the 17th century BCE. 850-98. A stele (monument) from Egypt, dating back to 1208 BCE is the firs known inscription mentioning the nation of Israel. Richardson (2002, p. 54) points out that southern Mesopotamian refugees were absorbed in the northern cities, whereas members of non-Mesopotamian population groups, such as Kassites, Elamites, and West Semitic semi-nomads (Suteans, Ahlamites) were diverted to rural establishments, such as encampments and fortresses. The last two toponyms are mentioned in Sennaheribs 8th campaign against the Kassites and Yasubigalleans (see Edzard, 1976-80, p. 271a). and ruled the area for 576 years. Balkan, 1954, pp. 23342, J. As is clear from this material, the Kassites spoke a language without a genetic relationship to any other known tongue (cf. The Elamites went on to take Babylon up till Hammurabi around 1700 BC. "The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State." 1496 BCE, i.e., just three years after its fall, if to rely upon the evidence of the texts from Tall Muammad (for their onomasticon, see Zadok, 1994, p. 48a; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. The only Kassite deities who had temples in Kassite Babylonia were the patron deities of the royal family, uqamuna and umaliya. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zu mglichen lexikalischen Isoglossen". Judges 6:3 | View whole chapter | See verse in context. Cite This Work Kassites stayed in Babylonia, but their main concentration was the central Zagros northeast of Babylonia, notably in Namri and Bt-Hamban. [21] At the site of Isin, which had been abandoned after the time of Samsu-iluna, major rebuilding work occurred on the religious district including the temple of Gula. L. Sassmannshausen, The Adaptation of the Kassites to the Babylonian Civilization, in K. van Lerberghe and G. Voet, eds., Languages and Cultures in Contact. Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. The number of Kassite appellatives is restricted (slightly more than 60 vocables, mostly referring to colors, parts of the chariot, irrigation terms, plants, and titles). Another ancient Middle Eastern people known as the Elam finally defeated the last Kassite ruler in 12 B.C. and accepts with reservations V. G. Gurzadyans eclipse identifications (1458 and 1451 BCE). Their rule helped to shape many different aspects of the culture and religion was one major area where it was experienced the most. 2, 2006, pp. K. Jaritz, Die kassitische Sprachreste, Anthropos 52, 1957, pp. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Kassite. After these role models are gone, Israel has 15 Judges in this historical account. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. Israel is laid waste and his seed is not; Israel is also mentioned in the base of a statue from Egypt. They include administrative and legal texts, letters, seal inscriptions, private votive inscriptions, and even a literary text (usually identified as a fragment of a historical epic). Foster and D. Gutas, Monographs on the Ancient Near East 2/3, Malibu, 1986. Volume 1 Kardunia. And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up against . (2011, August 03). A terminus post quem for the Kassites penetration into the Middle Euphrates region and Upper Mesopotamia in general can be deduced from the absence of Kassite names.in the rich documentation from early Old Babylonian Mari, Tuttul, Tall Lln, and Chaghar Bazar. [18] Often situated on the surface, many were found early and made their way to museums around the world. Download Free PDF View PDF. [35][36], The Elamites of the Shutrukid dynasty conquered Babylonia, carrying away the Statue of Marduk, in the 12th century BC, thus ending the Kassite state. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. According to other ancient texts found concerning the Habiru, they were found to live all along the fertile crescent in the 2nd millennium BCE.
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