effect of microwave on human body ppteast hampton press classifieds

Neuroreport. Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Perentos A, Cuesta-Soto F, Canciamilla A, Vidal B, Pierno L, Losilla NS, et al. [40] also repeated the experiment only and found that radial-arm maze performance in rats remained unchanged. Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency EMFs, with Additionally, in the 2.4W/kg group, neuronal filopodial density and activity were lower on day 8, and there was a reduction of the dendritic spine maturity on day 14. Mortazavi S, Tavakkoli-Golpayegani A, Haghani M, Mortazavi S. Looking at the other side of the coin: the search for possible biopositive cognitive effects of the exposure to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiofrequency radiation. 2012;62:22336. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 1984;4:285665. The effects are usually . Thus, Cosquer et al. 1994;10:13548. Zhang proposed that the sex-dependent relationship between microwaves and the behavior of offspring may be related to sex hormones, and female rats may be equivalently protected by reducing oxidative stress levels. EEG is often used as a tool to diagnose Alzheimers disease [48]. Wang et al. 2017;326:291. B. Cordless phones effect Cordless phone same worked like a mobile phone. The results indicated that repeated low-level exposure to extremely low frequency microwaves affects brain functioning and provide an additional approach to analyzing the underlying mechanisms. 2004;155:3743. With the increasing number of applications that use microwave technology, its negative effects on the human body have attracted attention. Google Scholar. . However, to date, with the exception of high-power microwave radiation, which has widely established hazardous effects, the biological effects of microwaves remain controversial. Shahin found that regardless of whether exposure was long-term or short-term, 2.45GHz microwaves increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, which potentially led to apoptosis in hippocampal subfield neurons and non-neuronal cells as a result of p53-dependent/independent activation. Article In 35% of cases, soldiers work in intermediate and hazardous zones and in 22%only in the intermediate zone. Neurotoxicology. The strength of the electric field (rms value) at the sample position was 10V/m. The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves in unimodal and multimodal object recognition tasks in male rats. Functional plasticity is affected in other ways, including the abnormal release and uptake of brain amino acids such as choline and monoamine neurotransmitters, a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes and spikes in long-term potentiating (LTP) in the medial perforated pathway (MPP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) [27]. Biological effects of 2450 MHz microwave combined with -rays on rat cultured gliacytes. Electromagn Biol Med. 1992;49:1818. Baer C, Claus R, Plass C. Genome-wide epigenetic regulation of miRNAs in cancer. Annu Rev Physiol. However, most studies have not supported the conclusion that cell phones cause brain tumors [8,9,10,11,12]. While microwave oven radiation doesn't cause cancer, it can cause painful burns if you're exposed to them. Kesari KK, Behari J. Fifty-gigahertz microwave exposure effect of radiations on rat brain. [101] exposed rats to microwave radiation at frequencies of 0, 900, 1800 and 2450MHz (SARs: 0, 0.59, 0.58 and 0.66mW/kg, respectively) using a transverse electromagnetic cell for 2months for 2h/d, 5 d/week. Gold PE. These conclusions are presented in Table2. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Lnn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. Long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk. Singh et al. Zhang et al. 1996;93:46938. 2013;89:11007. CAS Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrm-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer HW, et al. Biochemical modifications and neuronal damage in brain of young and adult rats after long-term exposure to mobile phone radiations. In the group treated with 0.8W/kg, there was no significant change. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. Besides, the Soviet Union banned microwaves in 1976 . Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. 2004;996:8996. Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Knnl S, Laine M, Rinne JO, Toivonen T, et al. 2010;2010. Lymphatic Systems: Due to chemical alterations within food substances, malfunctions occur in the lymphatic system, causing a degeneration of the body's ability to . In 43% of devices, military personnel are not exposed to an electromagnetic field. Behav Brain Res. 2004;2004:19. Exp Neurobiol. Statistically significant changes were detected in the EEG- bands of six individuals and in the 1 and 2 bands of four subjects in the higher SAR group. Larjavaara S, Schz J, Swerdlow A, Feychting M, Johansen C, Lagorio S, et al. The hippocampus plays roles in learning and memory, and the results of these studies suggest that the deficits in learning and memory functions observed after exposure to microwave irradiation might be due to abnormalities induced in hippocampal structures. 2005;161:3314. The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. This effect is similar to the decrease observed in NR2B in rats. 2006;27:11926. Military Medical Research Behav Brain Res. 2005;22:32931. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Bad impacts a microwave has on our daily lives. miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. Research continues on possible biological effects of exposure to RF/MW radiation from radios, cellular phones, the processing and cooking of foods, heat . Cassel et al. Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, et al. Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China, You can also search for this author in Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. 2014;53:22230. This phenomenon may be explained by the varied radiation dosage adopted in these studies. Ozben T. Oxidative stress and apoptosis: impact on cancer therapy. Neuroreport. Biomed Environ Sci. Merola P, Marino C, Lovisolo G, Pinto R, Laconi C, Negroni A. The Morris water maze has been widely used in neurobehavioral tests [36]. Mitochondrial lipid abnormality and electron transport chain impairment in mice lacking -synuclein. In industrial fields, exposure is usually occupational, and its sources include the surgical and physiotherapeutic use of diathermy, dielectric heating (i.e., heating and vulcanization applications), microwave ovens, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical diagnostic equipment, radar, military and research microwave systems, electricity-supplying networks, and electricity-distributing and transmitting equipment [3]. 2006;27:16471. Synapses are special structures that are involved in the transmission of electrochemical signals between neurons in the central nervous system. Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat. Springer Nature. This damage plays a key role in the structural and functional changes that are accelerated by neuronal degeneration. 1992;6:379. The results of this study showed that chronic exposure to Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves might impair both unimodal and cross-modal encoding of information. California Privacy Statement, [37] exposed male Wistar rats (1012weeks old) to a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) (900/1800MHz) mobile phone that was in vibrating mode (i.e., no ring tone). 1994;8:714. The results were significant for the range from 12.518.0GHz with a service period greater than 10years. The biological effects of RF energy are proportional to the rate of ener-gy absorption, and the level of absorption varies little with fre-quency. 2010;28:445. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. 2008;29:52738. & Hu, XJ. PubMed Central Zhang Y, Li Z, Gao Y. Dasdag et al. Am J Epidemiol. radiations. CAS Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic. Verma et al. 1996;180:917. Human SH-SY5YNB cells were exposed to 2.1GHz W-CDMA modulated microwave radiation for 24h at a specific absorption rate of 0.491W/kg. 2008;22:9927. 2009;72:20514. 2011;31:2293301. Some studies have proposed that miRNAs play important roles in nerve regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, and the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and schizophrenia [93,94,95]. Sci STKE. 2004;23:20114. [15] assessed the use of mobile and cordless phones in 347 cases of melanoma in the head and neck region and 1184 controls and found no increased risk. Krylova I, Dukhanin A, Il'in A, Kuznetsova EY, Balaeva N, Shimanovskii N, et al. Electromagn Biol Med. Choeiri C, Staines W, Miki T, Seino S, Messier C. Glucose transporter plasticity during memory processing. Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis. daily life. Bioelectromagnetics. Bioelectromagnetics. CAS The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. Joubert V, Bourthoumieu S, Leveque P, Yardin C. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons. They found that escape times were substantially decreased when the animals were trained while exposed to the phone. Google Scholar. Int J Radiat Biol. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Trends Neurosci. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive function in man. Schmid MR, Murbach M, Lustenberger C, Maire M, Kuster N, Achermann P, et al. Ning et al. PLoS One. CAS Muscat JE, Malkin MG, Thompson S, Shore RE, Stellman SD, McRee D, et al. 2004;48:46624. Reduction of Phosphorylated Synapsin I (Ser-553) leads to spatial memory impairment by attenuating GABA release after microwave exposure in Wistar rats. Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells. Defective actin dynamics in dendritic spines: cause or consequence of age-induced cognitive decline? Bioelectromagnetics. Kwon et al. Qutob et al. Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M. Spatial memory perfomance of wistar rats exposed to mobile phone. Singh S, Mani KV, Kapoor N. Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels. Handheld cellular telephone use and risk of brain cancer. Brain Res. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. Cull-Candy SG, Leszkiewicz DN. Dendritic spines, which are small protrusions that extend from dendritic shafts, are also cellular compartments containing signaling molecules that are important for synaptic transmission and plasticity [88,89,90,91]. Studies have extensively explored the underlying mechanisms by which microwaves influence learning and memory functions, especially synaptic structures and functions, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein synthesis, genes and individual susceptibility and energy metabolism. Johansen C, Boice JD, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats your food. BOOTP and DHCP.ppt anik301. Evaluation of Psychologic parameters in people occupationally exposed to radiofrequencies and microwave. Furukawa H, Singh SK, Mancusso R, Gouaux E. Subunit arrangement and function in NMDA receptors. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Mack et al. Behav Brain Res. BMJ. Therefore, the authors concluded that exposure to a radiofrequency of 900MHz might trigger the neoplastic process because it produces a relative increase in the number of potentially long-lived cells. their effects on the human body are vastly different: - Non-ionizing Radiation Frequency range: 0.1 - 1013 Hz . Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. Cobb et al. pability of the body (thus, a thermal effect), whereas the standard of the U.S.S.R. and Poland are based upon the interaction of the microwave fields with the brain and central nervous system as measured by neurological or behavior effects. 2007;210:63544. Int J Radiat Biol. Mitochondria morphologic changes and metabolic effects of rat hippocampus after microwave irradiation. The results indicated that radar microwave radiation leads to a decreased reaction time and lower short-term memory performance [18]. millimeter, or equivalently. : a biochemical study on mouse brain. Mol Cell Biol. 2012;31:25074. The function of dendritic spines: devices subserving biochemical rather than electrical computation. J Radiat Proc. Behav Brain Res. Am J Epidemiol. Those who are accustomed to using their mobile phone ipsilaterally presented a probability that was twice that of people who dont [5,6,7]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0. Sharma A, Sisodia R, Bhatnagar D, Saxena VK. 2012;112:1715. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2006;12:44651. 2011;343:5224. . Li M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z. Elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor translocation in rats: a potential mechanism for cognition impairment following chronic low-power-density microwave exposure. The SAR of the two groups were 0.303W/kg and 0.003W/kg. The role of microRNAs in cancer. Riedel G, Platt B, Micheau J. Glutamate receptor function in learning and memory. [41] exposed rats to 2.45GHz microwaves (2 pulse width, 500 pps, and SAR 0.6W/kg) for 45min and found that microwave-induced behavioral alterations measured by Lai had more to do with factors related to performance bias than to spatial working memory. Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue. Chandrasekaran K, Hatanp K, Rapoport SI, Brady DR. Relationship between cognition function and hippocampus structure after long-term microwave exposure. Privacy Article Kang D, Hamasaki N. Mitochondrial transcription factor a in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. Schz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. The rats in the study showed increases in spatial memory and glucose transporters, and this phenomenon indicated a corresponding increase in glucose uptake. This conclusion is consistent with the results of a previously reported study that showed that short-term exposure to microwave radiation can reduce reaction times and improve cognitive functions, attention and short-term memory capacity [28,29,30,31,32,33,34]. 1993;13:41322. 1992;114:16202. The direct cause of the observed neuronal damage may have been apoptosis induced by the microwave radiation, and an indirect cause may have been an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which would allow the traversal of toxic substances that could cause damage. Thus, the committee suggested that in the future, studies should explore the border between thermal and non-thermal effects and that specific effects, such as triggering the onset of thermoregulatory reactions, should be defined. [104] found that exposure to a 1.9GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4h at 0.1, 1.0, and 10W/kg did not affect gene expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells. SAR Value There are guidelines internationally for short term exposure to cell phone frequency microwaves, defined in terms of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to radio frequency radiation. Physiol Behav. Synaptic plasticity is a special function of synapses, which play an important role in learning and memory processes [46], including structural and functional plasticity. Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O. Above all, because of biases and variations in investigation methods, no conclusive evidence has been presented that microwaves cause cancer. [99] used a microarray and quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the miRNA expression profile in the hippocampus on days 7 and 14 after irradiation with a microwave at 30mW/cm2. Concurrently, in the hippocampus, acetylcholine can promote learning and memory [115, 116]. In the lower SAR group, the , 1 and 2 bands were affected in the three subjects. [84] and Sharma et al. Google Scholar. [59] exposed Wistar albino pregnant rats to a 2.45GHz Wi-Fi signal for 2h/d throughout the gestation period and found that the neurodevelopment, cerebral stress equilibrium and cholinesterase activity of the offspring were affected. However, with its popularization, increasing attention has been paid to its influence on humans. Joubert et al. Int J Radiat Biol. [62] irradiated Wistar rats, hippocampal synaptosomes and differentiated PC12 cells using microwaves (average power density, 30mW/cm2) for 5min, and the results showed that the post-exposure spatial memory of the rats was significantly decreased, the post-exposure levels of phosphorylated synapsin I (p-synapsin I) and GABA were decreased in the rat and cell experiments, and the post-exposure levels of vesicular GABA transporter and p-synapsin I were increased in small clear synaptic vesicles (which were abnormally assembled in presynaptic terminals) in the rat experiments. Vorobyov et al. The effects of hyperthermia and hyperthermia plus microwaves on rat brain energy metabolism. Frei P, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, Olsen JH, Steding-Jessen M, Schz J. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 300MHz to 300GHz. Chin J Birth Health Hered. Interphone study group. Cosquer et al. Richter ED, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB. Gage FH, Kelly P, Bjorklund A. The biological effects of microwave and RF are difficult to quantify, but one method, which in-volves the determination of the relation-ship between the body mass-averaged [85] found that protein levels were reduced in rat brains following microwave radiation, which may have been caused by the excessive consumption or a reduction of the synthesis of proteins, and reduced protein synthesis can be caused by the following processes: (1) excessive activation of RNA enzymes; (2) mRNA consumption or the formation and maturation of RNA enzymes. Calabr E, Magaz S. Inspections of mobile phone microwaves effects on proteins secondary structure by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Suhhova et al. J Med Food. 2013;73:4737. CAS Ragozzino ME, Unick KE, Gold PE. In epidemiology, there is no conclusive evidence showing that microwaves have carcinogenic effects. Biochem J. 2009;63:10106. With the popularity of microwave technology, microwave effects on the human body have become a common topic of concern, and the central nervous system is recognized as a target organ system that is sensitive to microwave radiation. However, Li et al. One reason for this difference may be that the water maze experiment is driven by aversion, whereas the arm maze experiment is driven by appetite. Electromagn Biol Med. Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Moustafa YM, Labib MM. Raised glucose levels enhance scopolamine-induced acetylcholine overflow from the hippocampus: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. 2005;360:6577. J Pharm Sci. 2015;56:2618. 1984;5:6370. Mikrobiolohichny zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine: 1993) Serge Voychuk. Megha K, Deshmukh PS, Banerjee BD, Tripathi AK, Ahmed R, Abegaonkar MP. Smythe JW, Costall B. Cancer Res. Li H, Li C. Apoptosis gene expression and their relationship to mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of gynecologic oncology patients. J Neuro-Oncol. 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