famous scandals of the 1920seast hampton press classifieds

As described in a Los Angeles Times review of Jules Tygiels 1994 book The Great Los Angeles Swindle: Oil, Stocks and Scandal During the Roaring Twenties, one of the most audacious promoters was Courtenay Chauncey C.C. Julian, who bought newspaper and radio ads in which he cajoled, Youll never make a thin dime just lookin on.. April 2008, The Sunset Strip: The Story of a Hollywood Icon. William Desmond Taylor. Banks were . Average, law-abiding citizens had no problem buying illegal booze from such people. The economy boomed during the Roaring Twenties and rising incomes gave ordinary Americans access to enticing new conveniences, including washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other luxuries that would have once seemed unattainable. 2003, American Gigolo. Gloria Swanson was one of the leading actresses in Hollywood, on her third husband when she met Joseph P. Kennedy. When police arrived on the scene, they found Taylor lying on the living room floor with at least one bullet in the back. She wasnt, though she later bore him two sons. Verdict for the plaintiff; 500 damages awarded. She drank alcohol, smoked cigarettes, and dabbled in bohemianism. Chaplin found his reputation shattered by his soon-to-be exs accusations. That winter morning the mutilated body of a woman, later determined to have been dead for about ten hours, was discovered by a woman and her three-year-old daughter, out for a leisurely morning stroll. November 21, 2015, Bad Boys: The Actors of Film Noir. The two took it upon themselves to republish a work titled Fruits of Philosophy: or The Private Companion of Young Married Couples, a how-to in contraceptive habits. History, FBI.gov. For some, it was a long kiss; for others, it involved more intense physical contact. Warned by her father to avoid men and alcohol in New York, she told an interviewer, He never said anything about women and cocaine. It was she who uttered one of the most deflating political put downs of all time, referring to Republican Presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey as resembling the little man on the wedding cake. Couples drank, mingled, and eventually started kissing, moving from partner to partner. In addition to keeping his affair with Hepburn under wraps, MGM helped quell reports of Tracys long battle with alcohol, barbiturates, and Dexedrine, including at least two arrests for alcohol-related incidents. Here are 10 celebrities and their scandals you may or may not be familiar with. Cleveland will go down in history as the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, but his first term in office was nearly waylaid by a campaign scandal. Intentionally or not, the message that filtered down to the public was: Be bold. In the 1940s the namesake of the phrase, Errol Flynn, found himself in a position neither enviable nor likely to lead to success. To many Americans, petting parties epitomized everything that was evil about the Jazz Age. The scandal remained at the tip of Hollywoods wagging tongues for months, and is still considered from time to time in various media today, though the probability of solving the crime was destroyed by the LAPD nearly a century ago. Millions of dollars were awarded to the families of the victims, mostly paid by insurance companies. But after U.S. postal inspectors started probing his scheme, it collapsed, and Ponzi went to prison. Some said that Jack deliberately placed his medicine where his wife would confuse it with nostrums of her own and thus take it accidentally. A scene from the film The Soul of Youth, the director of which, Desmond Taylors murder was never solved. Jean Harlow with actor Ben Lyon in a promotional still for the film Hells Angels, 1930. Petting had a flexible meaning for participants of the events. He denied the adultery. She did not attend Tracys funeral for the same reason. Leo Koretz, right, who was brought down with the helpState's Attorney Robert Crowe, left. The growing demand for petroleum to fuel automobiles also led to oil drilling schemes concocted by promoters who mailed out literature and handed out flyers that promised a fabulous return. Witnesses gave accounts of Saurins supposed crimes, which included eating strawberries and cream (the wicked woman!) Sports was one of these to blow during the 20's. During the 1920s there were many forms of sports rising up, with baseball being one of the older sports it has always been a long time favorite for Americans despite the dangers of the sport and the 1919 World Series scandal. The jury found him not guilty; he resumed his pulpit, and spent the next decade campaigning for presidents and commenting on public affairs. One study found that by 1924, 92 percent of college women had tried petting. Instead, she ended up, as they say in movieland, on the cutting room floor, her part eliminated, her work rejected (according to most stories of her suicide, in fact, she wasnt cut out of the final print of the film until after her death, though her fourteen-minute appearance had been reduced to four). Franchot Tone was a film and stage star of sufficient stature to marry Joan Crawford in 1935. manufacturing. The 1950s slang In Like Flynn, meaning one had it made, failed to take into account his legal difficulties over underage women. His arrest had the newspapers dubbing him, the Boy Jones. Despite increased security, he would cause more furor over an apparent inability to stay away from the palacehe was caught again in 1841 and sentenced to hard labor. FBI. Gustavo Turner, Discover Los Angeles. Errol Flynn, Clark Gable, Spencer Tracy, and several other leading men of the time were known to frequent the building known as the House of Francis. Landis continued his career with little negative impact, but he found several long-term friendships with other filmmakers ended as a result of his evident cavalier attitude towards the accident and its causes. Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle was one of Hollywoods biggest stars in 1921, the first to pocket $1 million per year, and well known around town for his hedonistic pursuits. agriculture. Bettmann / Contributor / Getty Images. The accident caused a scandal over working safety, particularly for children on film sets, and years of litigation which kept the story on the front pages of trade papers for a decade. She abandoned her unhappy marriage to Ruskin in 1854 and filed for annulment on the grounds that she was still a virgin. To make matters worse, many small investors were enticed into buying shares of companies on marginessentially, with loans that they had to repay out of their pockets if the stock price went down. His cabinet members, known as the Ohio Gang because of their wanton corruptness, were involved in so many shady dealingsthe Teapot Dome Scandal stands at the top of that listthat Harding left office with a reputation as one of the worst presidents in U.S. History. Flynn was eventually acquitted in both cases, and during the trials, his attorneys managed to point out both girls had been previously involved with other married men, of lesser fame and wealth. As a result of the dearth of physical evidence innuendo and gossip soon provided theories as to who killed the director. The establishment was named for Madam Lee Francis, who often had to have her bouncers remove famous personages who became too boisterous to remain on the premises. Online, The Tragic Story of Peg Entwistle, the Actress Who Jumped Off the Hollywood Sign. Wikimedia. Americans love a rags-to-riches story, Hendley says. Among the well connected visitors was Lord Arthur Somerset, the Duke of Beauforts son. Wikimedia. The paper revealed that, a decade earlier, Cleveland allegedly sexually assaulted Maria Halpin, a woman he was infatuated with, causing her to become pregnant with his child. The frontiers of capitalist innovation always attract investment scams, and there were many such frontiers in the 1920s, fed by technological inventionradio, airplanes, telephony, electrification, chemical breakthroughsand the associated more general economic boom of the era, explains Edward J. Balleisen, a professor of history and public policy at Duke University and author of the 2017 book Fraud: An American History from Barnum to Madoff. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Warren Harding appointed several distinguished people to his cabinet, such as _ as Secretary of State., Harding gave appointments to _ and _ from Ohio, which lead to corruption and numerous scandals., The most famous scandal, the _ Scandal, concerned bribes for leasing navy oil reserves in Wyoming and California. So damaged were delicate public sensibilities that Besant and Bradlaugh were put on trial. He attempted to remarry Joan Crawford when he was dying of cancer in the 1960s, but she demurred, though she did care for him in his last days, and arranged his funeral when he died in 1968. Why? Instead they hired young agents who stood out in the hot sun and convinced buyers to put down a non-refundable down payment on a parcel. Paul Feldman, Los Angeles Times. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Hed been sneaking in since 1838. For most people, the Roaring 20s conjures up images of flapper dresses, sparkles, and bootleggers wearing fedoras. The divorce became a scandal which the newly-minted entertainment tabloids and the mainstream press couldnt get enough of. Arbuckle was tried three times, with the first two resulting in mistrials due to juries unable to render a verdict. Wall Street offered its share of get-rich-quick schemes as well. READ MORE: How the Ponzi Scheme Got Its Name. But it was no mannequin. So much so that when Haynau visited a brewery during a trip to London in 1850, the draymendrivers of the wagons used to deliver the barrels of beerattacked him with whips, brooms, and stones. In the third, he was acquitted, though the press and the public had long before convicted him. Over the next four years, they tried to have children with no success; Crawford suffered two miscarriages and their marriage dissolved when his drinking became out of control. While traveling to London by train, Colonel Valentine Baker, a respected military figure and friend of the Prince of Wales, was accused of raping Rebecca Dickenson, twenty-two years old. She also attracted her share of inappropriate attention, including untoward advances from 50-something Stanford White. Her funeral was studded with Hollywood celebrities and her ghost is said by some to haunt the New Amsterdam Theater in New York, where she had first gained attention as one of Flo Ziegfelds girls. The Los Angeles police responded to the call, and according to reporters and those who have studied the case since, thoughtfully removed evidence of Taylors liaisons with other women, including several young actresses not yet of legal age. That angst led to the rise of private-sector watchdog groups such as the Better Business Bureau, a nationwide organization formed in 1921 that investigated and alerted the public to unscrupulous operators, and increasing aggressiveness by government regulatory agencies. Flynns acquittal did not restore his reputation in much of the publics opinion. One study found that by 1924, 92 percent of college women had tried petting. 'Petting parties' added some steam to Jazz Age soirees. Wikimedia. Having lost Joan, Tone turned to a fashion model and actress named Jean Wallace. Scotland Yard raided the house. In the 1930s the sign, already famous, read Hollywoodland, and it was from the H that a young actress, despondent over her career, committed suicide by jumping in 1932. She was committed to an asylum. According to acquaintances when together they fought constantly and with equal exuberance. Whether Olive was aware of Jacks medical problem is debated, though he had his mercury with him when the couple spent time together in Paris in the summer of 1920. After meeting Charles Chaplin at a dinner party, J. Edgar Hoover began using the resources of the FBI to compile a dossier on what he considered to be the Hollywood stars un-American beliefs and activities. Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle in a scene from 1921s Brewster's Millions. It was a party that proved to be his downfall. An incendiary speaker, Reverend Henry Ward Beecher was quite possibly the most famous minister of 19th century America. Katharine Hepburn was interred in Connecticut, thirty-six years after Tracys death. She cut her hair short, wore dresses that showed off her fashionably slender figure, used daring slang and dated multiple men before marriage. Her death was less a scandal than a sensation, and in 2014 a group of roughly 100 film fans gathered to mark her demise by viewing 13 Women in a Hollywood parking lot, an event geared towards raising awareness (and money) for suicide prevention. Scandals in the Hollywood periodicals of the day, later amplified by the mainstream press, were fed by the FBI files as Hoover attempted to discredit Hollywoods elite. Hollywood studios did not again employ her until 1956, six years after the scandal, when she appeared in the film, Anastasia. The collective skirts of Victorian society were practically blown off by the news that married socialite Lady Harriet Mordaunt had been carrying on with the Prince of Wales and other partners in 1870s Warwickshire. New England Historical Society. Payton vacated the marital home and returned to Neal, and Tone, perhaps wisely, decided to resolve the issue in court rather than in another bout. When Lady Harriet Mordaunts daughter was born, doctors thought she might be blind. Prohibition led directly to the rise of organized crime. Wikimedia. Tallulah Bankhead was born into wealth and privilege, and though she was mainly known as a stage actor, she became a symbol of Hollywood extravagance in her lifetime. Publisher Methuen was nervous off the bat, fearing the UKs Obscene Publications Act of 1857 would bring trouble; they even resorted to edits without Lawrences knowledge. Ordinary members of the public could sit down at the breakfast table and over tea and toast, read every juicy, salacious, delicious detail of who did what and to whom. Annie Besant, a noted feminist, Theosophist, and womens rights activist, and Charles Bradlaugh, an infamous atheist, published The Fruits of Philosophy: the Private Companion for Young Married Couples, a pamphlet by an American doctor, Charles Knowlton, and previously judged obscene. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976. Online, Gloria and Joe: The Star-Crossed Love Affair of Gloria Swanson and Joe Kennedy. The two sons she bore later in the marriage brought into question her accusations that Charles ignored her completely, but the press and the public were easily persuaded that Chaplin was an abusive monster, a profligate womanizer, with a taste for young girls (an image he could not escape). READ MORE: Americas Forgotten Mass Imprisonment of Women Believed to Be Sexually Immoral, Flappers dancing while musicians perform during a Charleston dance contest at the Parody Club, New York City, 1926, The gatherings may have raised eyebrows, but petting parties werea far cry from orgies, historian Paula S. FasstellsNPR: They both encouraged experimentation and created clear limits.. Tone was beaten soundly, with his opponent inflicting a broken cheekbone and nose, a concussion, and a no doubt severely bruised ego. When Charles demanded a divorce, Harriet attempted to evade a separation by claiming insanity, eating coal, and smashing dishes. Most have been generally dismissed as urban legends, but Clara did give rumourmongers grist for the mill. Divorced again, Tone began pursuing Barbara Payton, another actress who was also involved with an actor and former boxer named Tom Neal. Marlow Stern, The Daily Beast. What Happened In Room 1219? 8 Ways The Great Gatsby Captured the Roaring Twenties, How Prohibition Put the Organized in Organized Crime, Warning Signs Investors Missed Before the 1929 Crash. The public found the story too salacious to ignore, especially after the marriage split up after less than two months. In the 21st century amateur and professional criminologists continue to search for the killer of Elizabeth Short. During the filming of the motion picture, an on-set accident involving a helicopter led to the death of popular actor Vic Morrow and two child actors, with multiple injuries to the helicopter crew and film personnel onboard. Later, it was revealed that some of the money allocated for the weapons was funneled secretly to Nicaragua to support the anti-communist Contras, counter to a law barring the U.S. government from supporting them. SFGate The Death Of An Actress In San Francisco. Getty Images One of the biggest Hollywood scandals of all time was the murder of mobster Johnny Stompanato, the boyfriend of Lana Turner in 1958. William Taylor was a highly prolific director between 1915 and 1921, and as such, he was one of the first directors to rely on what would later become known euphemistically as the casting couch. and being excited in the presence of a visiting priest. 1920. Tone, well-connected with powerful MGM, used his influence to ensure that Neal was unable to find acting roles in Hollywood. But when it came to relationships with the opposite sex he was less gifted. Petting was a means to be safe and yet not sorry, writes Fassa way to explore ones sexuality without experiencing things like the loss of virginity, pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. 1952, Secretary Says She Destroyed Hoovers Letters on his Orders. Five years later, a group of women and vice officers campaigned to end petting parties in the theater balconies of Kansas City. Several leading ladies were counted among the customers as well, including Talalluh Bankhead, Jean Harlow, and Barbara Stanwyck. And to some, the very thought of a party devoted to sexeven a relatively chaste versionwas cause for outrage. His magnificent moustaches were torn, his clothes ripped off, and the dread Hangman of Arad, abandoning his dignity, fled to a nearby inn for sanctuary. Stompanato was killed and Turners daughter was charged with manslaughter. Instead, the older Ruskin put off consummating the marriage. He liked them young, both his first and second wives were sixteen when he married them, and the second, Lita Grey, convinced Chaplin that she was pregnant with his child, leading to a hasty marriage (he could otherwise have been imprisoned for having sex with a minor). Others claimed Olive committed suicide after learning of the reason her husband carried the mercury with him on his travels. Sex with minor females those under the age of 18 in California was statutory rape, and Flynn found himself so charged by not one, but two underage young ladies, threatening his reputation, his career, his marriage, and his freedom. Widespread press reports speculated that she had been murdered, fed by the fact that her car was parked in an area thick with sticky mud, though her shoes were clean. Swansons divorce from her second husband had included revelations that she had been unfaithful with at least thirteen men, including Hollywood luminaries Cecil B. deMille and Rudolph Valentino. Criminal conversation, beastly behavior, sexual shenanigans its all here in these ten shocking scandals that rocked nineteenth century society to its well-bred core. The two companies allowed to use it had not put in a substantial bid to use the fields, therefor the Senate started an investigation. Sargent was demonized: His career in tatters, he headed for a fresh start in London. It was the largest divorce settlement in American history at the time. During the party actress Virginia Rappe was heard screaming in a room from which Arbuckle later emerged. Wikimedia. During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 against the Austrian Empire, a man stood out for his violent tactics in suppressing the revolutionaries: Julius Jacob von Haynau, an Austrian general who earned the nickname, the Hyena. News of his brutality, particularly against Hungarian women, excited much anger in the English public. December 2, 1975, Fatty Arbuckle and Hollywoods First Scandal. Alarmingly for many, petting was popular among both wild flappers and average young women during the 1920s. But they also came to an end because the flappers who dared to pet in public helped make open sexual expression more commonplace. To the Protestant jurys great disappointment, the mother superior later testified she hadnt meant that kind of excitement. Ingrid Bergman, with Cary Grant in Alfred Hitchcocks Notorious, was forced to live in exile from Hollywood for several years after her affair with Rossellini. Morrow and one of the children were decapitated by the helicopters rotor; the other child was crushed beneath the machine. Chaplin was not alone. Wikimedia. She was linked to sexual relationships with both men and women, among the latter were Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo, and Hattie McDaniel of Gone With the Wind fame. When The Washington Post published a glossary of the flappers philosophy in 1922, it defined life as One long petting party accompanied by jazz. Eventually, the file grew to over 1900 pages and was instrumental in Chaplins long exile from his adopted country. In 1936, the wife of Max Baer, the former Heavyweight Champion of the World (and eventually the father of Max Baer Jr, who portrayed Jethro Bodine on The Beverly Hillbillies), named Jean as one of the women with whom her husband had been unfaithful to his marriage. Its been said, often and obviously, that sex sells. They were eventually acquitted in terms of criminal liability, but civil penalties were assessed. Petting parties only added to this reputation. Seeing the names of Americas favorite stars dragged through the proverbial mud, especially in the bygone days when an actor or actress was a Movie Star, has long been a cheap thrill for the American public. Her role in The Postman Always Rings Twice established her as a serious actress at the same time her well-publicized personal life called her morals into question among those inclined to do so. A jury found the work indecent but preferred not to hold them responsible for it. In 1874, it was revealed that he had fathered an illegitimate child and was paying the mother support. One of the greatest scandals in Hollywood's, indeed in all of American history, was the abuse of power routinely practiced by the man who considered himself to be the greatest lawman in America throughout his long and self-serving career. The press was largely against Flynn (like Chaplin before him, Flynn was a foreigner, and thus possessed of un-American morals). Susan Saurin (formerly Sister Mary Scolastica) sued her mother superior, Mrs. Starr, for libel and conspiracy, claiming shed been unfairly expelled from the convent. Eventually, he went to Australia. Actress Jean Harlow was a scandalmongers dream, openly flaunting her sexuality on screen to the point that new censorship restrictions were written to curb her filmed allure. Tune in to Comedy CentralTuesdays at 10:30/ 9:30con Comedy Centraland on the Comedy Central app to see what they're up to next. Bluefit the stereotype of the 1920s flapper to a T, chasing a lifestyle that would have been unthinkable just 20 years before. Seven American hostages were being held by Iranian-backed terrorists in 1985. As the games continued, the party noticed Gordon-Cumming was altering his bet after the cards had been dealt. Protestants, Progressives, and women all spearheaded the drive to institute Prohibition. Some 40,000 investors entrusted Ponzi with $15 million. The case is credited with raising awareness of birth control.. Her name was Peg Entwistle, and she had recently completed work on a film by David O. Selznick entitled 13 Women. Her death created a sensation in Hollywood, both from her manner of accomplishing it and the note which she left behind. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. When she learned that he had similarly stalked other actresses (including Zsa Zsa Gabor and June Allyson) and of his underworld contacts, she broke off their affair. The queen had recently given birth to her first child. In 1932 she told an interviewer that she had accepted a film part only so that she could sleep with Gary Cooper, though she substituted a common four-letter word for sleep with in the interview. Silent film star Pickford tested her audiences adoration of her by committing an unthinkable act: She divorced her husband, Owen Moore, in 1920, and married Douglas Fairbanks less than a month later. In 1935 she was found dead at the wheel of her Lincoln automobile, an event which the amiable LAPD agreed to treat as a suicide after being so urged by Luciano and others. Online, Medium Hollywoods Golden Age Era Of Secretly Bisexual, Homosexual And Lesbian Stars, Alabama Public Radio Tallulah! Though made by an American studio, it was filmed entirely in Europe. A mugshot of Elizabeth Short the Black Dahlia taken when she was arrested for underage drinking before becoming the victim of a grisly murder. Mabel Normand. The 1920's was a grand time for the United States. Some of the nations greatest film heroes were subject to damaging tales, some true, some speculative, and some criminal. The files were held for the purpose of blackmail, and were extensive collections of personal information and activities. Spreading the money about helped her ensure that those whose careers would be damaged by the shock of an arrest on a morals charge were absent from the premises on those occasions when raids were scheduled, as Lee recounted in a book about the brothel entitled Ladies on Call. When William Charles Yelverton met, wooed, and ultimately became twenty year old Theresa Longworths lover, he ruined her in the eyes of Victorian society because they werent married. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. United Artists: The Company Built by the Stars . FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Tallulah simply didnt care what anyone, including her father, an 11 term member of the US House of Representatives and Speaker of the House for two terms, said of her. A banking poster printed by National Service Bureau shows a smiling Uncle Sam reads a newspaper headline describing economic growth and success of the 1920s. 1 Charlie Chaplin's Teenage Brides Charlie Chaplin's work in the. After the divorce was final Lita remarried at least three times more, and in the 1960s published a partial autobiography entitled My Life With Chaplin in which she revisited many of the old allegations. Eventually, the practice faded. He proceeded to spend his windfall on complete frivolity that captivated the public and press: He collected silk gowns, covered his bedroom in velvet, and even modified his cars exhaust to spray perfume. The boys of today must be protected from the young girl vamp, complained a New York mother to the New York Times in 1922. She had no children, but at least four abortions at a time when the procedure was illegal throughout most of the country. The press eventually went on to other things, but Flynns image was permanently damaged, and he never again enjoyed the reputation of being a romanticized gentleman, cultured and debonair. 1. Future: Heaven only knows what.. Like Cleveland before him, Warren G. Harding also had a secret out-of-wedlock child, a daughter he conceived with a 19-year-old woman named Nan Britton. He also managed to convince many of his investors to reinvest their paper profits in more worthless Bayano stockin effect, conning them twice. Karen Burroughs Hannsberry. Not all petting parties were intentional affairs; some broke out spontaneously in dance halls, cars or secluded places. Roscoe's roommate had thrown a party in their suite which was crashed Virginia Rappe who fell seriously ill and died a few days later. To save her virtue, though the train was in motion, she escaped to the step outside the first class railway carriage and clung there, screaming for help. Jude Sheeran, BBC News. Among her lovers was the Prince of Wales (Queen Victorias eldest son, heir to the throne, and later King Edward VII). Fittingly, Harlows Hollywood career had begun with her as a starlet under the wing of Howard Hughes. The civil and criminal actions which occurred subsequent to the accident which was more the result of negligence than misfortune was scandalous, and the films director, John Landis, was charged and tried for manslaughter, along with other members of the film crew. In one interview she claimed that the only thing wrong with her was that she needed a man, and it had been too long since shed had one. But Hardings scandalous behavior didnt end when he left his bedroom. Still others, cognizant of the fact that Mary Pickford despised her sister-in-law, believed Mary arranged for Olive to ingest the mercury through means not fully explained. Scandals, such as the Harding Administration Scandal and Teapot Dome Scandal, and illegal activity, such as the gangster Al Capone, became eminent and symbolized corruption of the 1920s. Axel Madsen. Some scandals are timeless: The Fatty Arbuckle trial, the Black Dahlia, and the Sharon Tate murder are still well-known decades after they occurred. If petting parties are rare today, its not because theyre not funbut because we no longer need them. Some even chartered buses to round up potential investors and drive them out to the oil fields for a look-see. She accepted his excuses, took to public speaking to support their life together, even going so far as to follow him to Scotland and Ireland so their affair could continue, but eventually, she expected a wedding. 1991, The Mysterious Death of Massachusetts Movie Star Thelma Todd. Despite President Ronald Reagan's vow not to negotiate with terrorists, National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane went to Iran to make a deal, sending weapons in exchange for the Middle Eastern countrys help brokering the release. To understand famed Australian swimmer Annette Kellermans bravado, you have to have a grasp on how hopelessly proper the beaches of the early 1900s were.

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